Now that you know what you have and where everything is, you may think that it’s time to take action. But in order to do that, you need a plan, and that requires knowing what kind of investor you are. Finding this out starts with having a basic understanding of investment objectives and how you can use them. Even if you went through this exercise when you first started investing, now is a good time to review your strategy to see what, if anything, has changed and whether your plan needs an update.
3 Components to Consider
Here is a brief rundown of the three components that make up an investment objective: goals, risk tolerance and time horizon.
• Financial goals: These include saving – say, for retirement, your children's college or a car – paying off debt or buying a home.
• Risk tolerance: How much risk you are willing to take to reach a financial goal? Are you willing, for example, to invest in something that could lose 20% of its value next year? If so, then you have a high risk tolerance. (Check out What Is Your Risk Tolerance? and Risk Tolerance Only Tells Half the Story to learn more.)
• Time horizon: This simply means the length of time it will take you to reach your goal – or at least try to prepare for it. If you are saving for retirement, for example, and plan to stop working in 20 years, then that is your time horizon. If you are a couple, realize that you may not have the exact same time frame in mind when it comes to retirement. Your plan need to look at both of you.
When you have defined what each of these is for yourself, your objective will become clear. Simply defined, an investment objective is the type of strategy that you use to accomplish a financial goal. There are four basic types of investment objectives: growth, income, capital preservation and tax reduction.
Objective 1: Growth
Growth is appropriate for long-term and aggressive investors who can ride out the ups and downs of the stock market. Growth entails risking your principal because investments that produce large returns also can have large losses. This objective typically fits those who need to fulfill long-term goals, such as saving for retirement or paying for a child’s college education. Growth investments include common stocks, stock mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs), and real estate and real estate investment trusts (REITs).
Objective 2: Income
As you might have guessed, income is for those who seek a regular payout from their investments. This objective may or may not have risk of principal depending upon the type of vehicle used. Preferred and utility stocks, corporate and municipal bonds, government agency securities such as Sallie Mae and Ginnie Mae, and senior secured loans pay higher rates of income with relative price stability. Guaranteed instruments include certificates of deposit (CDs), Treasury securities and savings bonds. Annuities can also provide guaranteed income with certain restrictions if income benefit riders are offered inside the contract.
Objective 3: Capital Preservation
Capital preservation means safety. CDs, Treasury securities and savings bonds do pay interest, but they are all backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Fixed and indexed annuities are backed by the cash reserves of the insurance carrier, which is in turn backed by state guaranty funds in the event the insurer becomes insolvent. This level of security comes ate a price: Such vehicles almost always pay much lower interest rates than growth or income investments.
Objective 4: Tax Reduction
Tax reduction is fairly self-explanatory. The goal is simply to minimize the income tax bill of whatever investment strategy you are using. If you are a growth investor saving for retirement, for example, you can achieve tax reduction by putting your retirement savings inside an individual retirement account (IRA) or other tax-deferred plan or account. Annuities also provide tax-deferral without having to be placed inside any type of tax-advantaged plan.
Applying It All to You
Now it’s time to see how this information applies to your situation. If you are somewhere in midlife, you could be retiring in 15 to 25 years. If that is the case, your primary investment objective should probably still be growth, as opposed to income or capital preservation. The further away from retirement you are, the more aggressive your portfolio should likely be.
Appropriate growth instruments can include stocks, real estate, REITs or mutual funds, or ETFs that invest in these things. If you follow this course, be prepared to experience some ups and downs in your investments, but generally, the more risk you take with your investments, the greater the reward you can reap from them. Whatever you do, make sure that the majority of your portfolio is growing faster than inflation over time. And keep in mind that your risk of loss in the markets goes way down when your time horizon is 10 years or more.
As you get nearer to retirement, you will need to start moving some of your holdings into more conservative instruments such as bonds or CDs. If you are a very conservative investor, then you might be wise to look at an annuity that provides guaranteed income benefits in addition to traditional safe investments such as CDs or Treasury securities. And be sure that your portfolio is sufficiently diversified, regardless of your risk tolerance or time horizon. Also, in your analysis, remember to include assets such as the cash value in your life insurance, your home and any pension benefits to which you are entitled. If, for example, you will receive $500 per month of benefits from a defined benefit plan that you are (or were) in, that reduces the amount of income that your portfolio will have to generate when you retire. And that means you can take slightly less risk with your investments, retire a bit sooner or live a little more comfortably.
If you are a couple, this is the stage to discuss whether your risk tolerance and financial goals are similar or whether you have different feelings about money. Any plans and objectives you make need to incorporate both of you.
If you are unsure about what your investment objectives should be, don’t hesitate to enlist the aid of a financial planner to help you. A professional can help you decide what type of strategy you need to pursue in order to achieve your goals – and may be able to assist you in putting your objectives into effect.
Neil Buono
SafeGuard Investments
11204 Clayridge Dr
Tampa, FL 33635
813-495-8550 office
813-441-6850 fax
941-544-8546 cell